Winter brings shorter days, colder nights, and a dramatic shift in how plants and trees function. While the leaves may be gone, what’s happening underground is just as important—especially when it comes to your tree’s roots.
If you’ve ever wondered what happens to the trees in winter, or worried about what to do if tree roots freeze, this guide explains what you need to know about root growth, cold weather impact, and how to protect your trees from frost and freezing.
Do Trees Grow in the Winter?
You might be surprised, but yes—some growth does occur in winter, though it slows down significantly. Above ground, trees enter dormancy, conserving energy. But below ground, roots can continue developing, especially if soil temperatures remain above freezing.
This means tree roots grow in winter, though at a reduced rate. The key is that while tree leaves and branches rest, roots remain active in storing nutrients and maintaining tree stability.
What Happens When Tree Roots Freeze?
If temperatures drop too low for too long, tree roots can freeze, especially those near the surface. When this happens:
Water inside the roots freezes, expanding and potentially rupturing plant cells.
Nutrient uptake slows or stops, weakening the tree’s ability to survive.
Newly planted or young trees are most at risk, as their roots are shallow and more exposed to temperature swings.
Deep, established roots are more protected, but prolonged exposure to freezing soil can still cause stress.
Can Tree Roots Survive Freezing?
Most mature trees have built-in defenses and can survive freezing conditions, especially if they’re native to the climate. Their roots grow deeper and are insulated by soil, mulch, and snow.
However, trees in containers, shallow-rooted species, or newly planted trees can suffer significant damage if their roots freeze repeatedly.
Will My Tree Recover From a Freeze?
Recovery depends on the severity of the freeze and the tree’s overall health. Some trees bounce back with new growth in spring, while others may show long-term stress or even die back.
Watch for signs like:
Delayed leafing out in spring
Sparse or stunted growth
Dieback in the canopy
Brittle branches or cracking bark
If you’re unsure, a local arborist or tree care service near you can inspect the damage and guide your next steps.
Do Tree Roots Need to Be Covered in Winter?
For newly planted or young trees, yes—covering the root zone is essential for winter protection. Here’s how:
1. Add Mulch
Apply 2–4 inches of mulch around the base, but keep it a few inches away from the trunk. Mulch helps regulate soil temperature and retain moisture.
2. Use Tree Wraps or Frost Blankets
Cover the base of the tree or wrap young trunks with breathable material. This protects bark and shallow roots from freeze-thaw cycles.
3. Water Before a Freeze
Moist soil holds heat better than dry soil. Give your trees a deep watering before hard freezes to help insulate the root zone.
How to Keep a Tree Warm in the Winter
While you can’t heat your yard, you can take steps to reduce the impact of cold weather:
Windbreaks: Use fencing or shrubs to block cold wind.
Tree wraps: Protect thin-barked or young trees from cracking.
Mulch: Essential for insulating roots and maintaining moisture.
Avoid pruning in winter: Cutting during dormancy may expose sensitive areas.
This winter tree protection routine helps trees stay resilient through freezing temperatures.
How to Protect Small or Young Trees From Frost
Young trees are more vulnerable because their root systems are shallow and less established. Here’s how to protect small trees in winter:
Cover with burlap or frost cloth on cold nights.
Stake the tree to prevent wind damage.
Apply mulch generously around the base.
Avoid fertilizing late in the season, as it can trigger tender new growth that won’t survive frost.
These steps are especially important for protecting newly planted trees from frost.
How to Cover Trees in Winter
If a hard freeze is forecasted, covering trees can help reduce damage:
Use frost cloths, burlap, or even old sheets to drape over the canopy.
Secure the cover to the ground to trap warmth.
Remove the covers during the day to allow sunlight and airflow.
Avoid plastic covers—they trap moisture and can damage the foliage if they touch the leaves.
How to Protect Plants From a Freeze
Besides trees, other outdoor plants can also suffer. If you’re asking how to protect outside plants from frost, here are some reliable methods:
Bring potted plants indoors or into a garage.
Group containers together near a wall for warmth.
Use straw or mulch over the soil in garden beds.
Cover plants with breathable material that doesn’t sit directly on the leaves.
What Temperature Do Plants Freeze?
Most plants begin to suffer damage at 32°F (0°C), but tender or tropical plants can be harmed at 40°F (4°C). Watch weather forecasts and be ready to act when a cold snap is expected.
Best Materials to Cover Plants From Freeze
Choose materials that insulate without smothering:
Frost cloth or garden fleece
Burlap
Old sheets or blankets
Cardboard boxes for small shrubs
Avoid plastic directly on foliage. For added protection, use stakes or hoops to create a tent structure over plants.
Final Thoughts: Healthy Roots, Healthy Trees
Winter might seem like a quiet time in your yard, but underground, roots are still working. If the temperatures drop too far, tree roots can freeze, especially in young or newly planted trees.
By using mulch, covers, and smart watering practices, you can help your trees withstand the cold and emerge strong and ready to grow in spring.
Whether you’re tending to a backyard fruit tree or planning your first winter garden, understanding how to protect roots and plants from freezing is the first step toward a healthy, thriving landscape.
